passive voice
Bandingkan kalimat-kalimat berikut:
Aktif : Susi
mengetik surat ini kemarin
Pasif : Surat ini
diketik oleh Susi kemarin
Aktif : Kucingku
membunuh seekor tikus
Pasif : Seekor
tikus dibunuh oleh kucingku
Catatan:
Gunakan bentuk pasif jika pelaku tindakan tidak begitu
penting.
Contoh:
Menara ini
dibangun tahun 1955
Kalau kita perlu menyebut siapa pelaku suatu tindakan,
gunakan kata oleh (by)
Contoh:
Menara ini telah
dibangun oleh Pemerintah Daerah pada tahun 1955
Rumus umum untuk membentuk suatu kalimat Pasif
Aktif : S + Verb
(Kata Kerja) + Objek + dll
Pasif : Objek + to
be + Verb 3 (Kata Kerja Bentuk III) ( + by subjek) + dll
To be yang digunakan
Present : is, am,
are
Past : was, were
Perfect : been (di
depan have, has, atau had)
Future : be
(setelah modals)
Continuous : being
(di depan salah satu dari 7 to be di atas)
Hal-hal yang perlu diketahui dan diingat
Untuk menyatakan
suatu kalimat dalam bentuk pasif, tenses tidak berubah. Tenses harus sama
dengan kalau kita menyatakannya dalam bentuk aktif. Yang berubah hanya kata
kerja-nya.
Kata kerja yang
tidak memiliki objek (Kata Kerja Intransitif) tidak dapat diubah menjadi
kalimat pasif, seperti, menangis, mendidih, terbit, dll.
Contoh-contoh kalimat aktif dan pasif
Jack sings a song
(active)
A song is sung by
Jack (Passive)
Jack sang a song
yesterday (active)
A song was sung by
Jack yesterday (passive)
Jack has sung a
song (active)
A song has been
sung by Jack (passive)
Jack will sing a
song (active)
A song will be
sung by Jack (passive)
Jack is singing a
song (active)
A song is being
sung by Jack (passive)
Jack can sing a
song (active)
A song can be sung
by Jack (passive)
Beberapa Bentuk Kalimat Passive
1) Passive Imperative Sentence
Rumus:
Let + objek + be + Kata Kerja Bentuk III
Help the
poor (active)
Let the
poor be helped (passive)
2) Passive Infinitive: It is/was time
Rumus:
It is/was time for + objek + to be + kata kerja III
It is time
to send the letter (active)
It is time
for the letter to be sent (passive)
3) Negative Passive Imperative Sentence
Rumus:
Subjek + be + Kata kerja III + not to + infinitive
(kata kerja III yang sering digunakan adalah: advised,
asked, begged, commanded, requested)
Don�t wait for me (active)
You are advised
not to wait for me (passive)
4) Passive Sentence with Verbs of Perception
Rumus
Subjek + be + adjectives + when + subjek + be + kata kerja
III
(kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: taste, smell, feel)
This food tastes
delicious (active)
This food is
delicious when it is tasted (passive)
5) Passive Sentence with Certain Verbs followed by �that-clause�
Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: accept, admit, agree,
assume, believe, decide, expect, find out, intend, plan, point out, presume,
prove, regret, report, say, think, understand.
We regretted that
the principal had to resign from office (active)
It was regretted
that the principal had to resign from office (passive)
6) Passive Sentence with Nouns or Adjectives as Complements
I consider her
very pretty (active)
She is considered
very pretty (passive)
7) Passive Sentence with two objects
He gave me a book
(active)
A book was given
to me by him (passive 1)
I was given a book
by him (passive 2)
8) Passive Sentence with Gerund Verbs
The teacher
enjoyed teaching the students (active)
The students
enjoyed being taught by the teacher (passive)
9) Agent consisting long expression at the end of sentence
Dalam kalimat pasif, jika pelaku terdiri dari ekspresi yang
panjang, sebaiknya subjek tersebut ditempatkan di akhir kalimat setelah by.
We were all
surprised by her sudden announcement to get married
I was confused by
his plan to stop the ongoing project and begin a new one.
10) Passive Sentence with unique verbs
This wall needs to
be painted (sama dengan)
This wall needs
painting.
source :
ismailmidi.com
